定语从句

定义：

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，位于从句之前。定语从句有关系代词that、which、who、whose、whom和关系副词when 、where、why引导. 定语从句的基本结构为：

先行词 + 关系代/副词 + 句子

Do you know the The skirt The number of the people is increasing.

考点1. 关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why.

a. that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略；不引导非限定性定语从句 There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip. （10河北）

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose (答案: B)

b. which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.可引导非限定性定语从句。

This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom (答案：A)

Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. (09河北)

A. what B. who C. whom D. which (答案：D)

c. who－般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）

Jamie is a young cook ________ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)

A. who B. whose C. whom D. which (答案：A)

d. whose 作定语,表示所属关系。

I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative. (09兰州)

A. which B. who C. what D. whose

(答案：D)

e. when 作时间状语:When =介词 + which

She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.

f. where 作地点状语 where = 介词 + which I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.

g. why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. why = for which

That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.

2. 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

1. I prefer shoes that are cool. 2. I like a pizza that is really delicious.

3. 有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：

1).当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它们修饰时。 That’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

2).当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

3).当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。

That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.

4).当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?

5).先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that. The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

6).当关系代词在从句中作表语时。 China is not the country that it was. 4. 只用 which ,不用that 的情况： 1).关系代词前有介词时。

This is the cage that / which Polly lives in. = This is the cage in which(where) Polly lives . 2).先行词本身为 that.

The clock is that which tells the time. 3). 在非限制性定语从句中。

His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.

定语从句专项练习