英文版成本会计教材

Chapter 1 Key terms

1: Accounting information system consists of interrelated manual and computer parts and uses processes such as collecting, recording, summarizing, analyzing, and managing data to transform inputs into information that is provided to users.

2: Activity-based management identifies the activities produced at each stage of the development process and assesses their costs.

3: Business ethics is learning what is right or wrong in the work environment and choosing what is right.

4: Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) is an individual must pass a comprehensive examination designed to ensure technical competence and have two years’ work experience.

5: Certified Management Accountant (CMA) has passed a rigorous qualifying examination, has met an experience requirement, and participates in continuing education.

6: Only Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are permitted (by law) to serve as external auditors. CPA must pass a national examination and be licensed by the state in which they practice.

7: Continuous improvement has been defined as “the relentless pursuit of improvement in the delivery of value to customers.” In practical terms, continuous improvement means searching for ways to increase overall efficiency by reducing waste, improving quality, and reducing costs.

8: The controller is the chief accounting officer who supervises all accounting departments.

9: The processes of monitoring a plan’s implementation and taking corrective action as needed are referred to as controlling.

10: Cost accounting information system is a cost management subsystem designed to assign costs to individual products and services and other objects as specified by management.

11: The cost management information system is primarily concerned with producing outputs for internal users using inputs and processes needed to satisfy management objectives.

12: The process of choosing among competing alternatives is decision making.

13: Electronic commerce (E-commerce) is any form of business that is executed using information and communications technology.

14: Electronic data interchange (EDI) involves the exchange of documents between computers using telephone lines and is widely used for purchasing and distribution. 15: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software has the objective of providing an integrated system capability—a system that can run all the operations of a company and provide access to real-time data from the various functional areas of a company. 16: Feedback is information that can be used to evaluate or correct the steps that are actually being taken to implement a plan.

17: The financial accounting information system is primarily concerned with producing outputs for external users.

18: Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing strives to produce a product only when it is