跨文化交际 考试大纲

Communication: international~, interethnic~, interracial~ interregional

features: universal, long time, daily occurrence//classification of communication: intra-personal (non-social) interpersonal, organizational, mass(social)

components of communication: sender encoding, message channel decoding receiver noise feedback

characteristics: dynamic irreversible symbolic systemic self-reflective interactive complex learned

Culture’characteristics: learned influences biological process, transmitted from G-G, selective, ethnocentric, interrelated wholes, subject to change, /onion: symbols, heroes, rituals, values./ perception and ~: selection, organization, interpretation

values: individualism & collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity & femininity,

verbal communication: culture impact on language at: lexical level ( denotational字面/connotational meanings ) discourse level ( linear#nonlinear language, deductive#inductive归纳 patterns) high- low-context.

nonverbal communication”” functions: replacing, regulating, repeating, complementing, contradicting/

body movement, facial expression, eye contact, body touch, paralanguage (vocal qualifiers, ~characterize, ~segregates, silence ) spatial language (intimate, personal—intimate personal social public, office) temporal language

词汇： ( monochronic单时制，polychronic time) chromatics色彩学 chronemics 时间学 haptics触觉学 semantics语义学 oculesics视觉学 proxemics空间学