倒装句

英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。强调性倒装和以so， neither， nor开头的句子是高考例题的热点。

一、倒装句的意义

1. 适应一定的语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

e.g. May I come in？ Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927？

2. 为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。

e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.

So early did he come to school that no other students came.

二、倒装的用法

1. 在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be后。

在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。

e.g. There is a box on the table.

There came shouts for help from the river.

There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.

Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.

2. 在疑问句中。

e.g. Is she singing in the classroom？

What does your mother do？

3. 在here， there等副词开头的某些句子里（要用一般现在时态）。如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的词序不变。（完全倒装）

e.g. There goes the bell.

Here is an apple for you.

There she comes.

Ex：There ________. And here ________.

A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she

4. 重复倒装句型，用在以so， nor， neither开头，表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。 e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.

My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither （Nor） did I.

She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.

You passed the exam. So did I.

He doesn’t like shopping. Neither do i.

He can’t speak any foreign language. Nor can his father.

表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。

否则要用so it is with…

His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt. Ex：1)I don't know how to swim, ____.

A. and my sister doesn't neither B. nor my sister can C. nor does my sister D. and my sister does either

2)She's passed the test. ____. A. So am I B. So have I C. So I have D. Also I have

5. 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。（完全倒装）

e.g. "Very well，" said the French student.

"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please." said he.

6. 在以hardly(scarcely), never, not, not only, little, few，seldom, no sooner…(than), not until, no where等否定或半