2009年高考英语词汇语法知识串讲
高考英语语法知识串讲
2009年高考英语知识串讲
第1讲
一、Language Points
1. share

v.

分享、合用:

share sth with sb

n. 一份,股份 spare a. 业余的,备用的:spare time, a spare tire
v. 抽出,匀给:spare me five minutes/
spare one of sandwiches for the boy
spare no efforts:不遗余力
spare no expense:不惜工本
save v. 节省,救出
2. He felt lucky to have survived the war. 3. :和某人就某事争论 argue for/against sth:赞成/反对 :说服某人做/不做某事 4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主语+助动词 So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语 So it is/was with+另一主语
6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done 7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause besides/in addition apart from but for=without 8. The first time+从句 For the first time:作时间状语 It’s the first time+that-clause(完成时) the first+名词+to do 9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地(状) 10. be equal to sth:与 相等 be equal to (doing) sth:胜任(做)某事 equal sth:与 相等 equal sb in sth:在 方面与某人匹敌 11. compare to/with compared to/with 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +pron. 13. 原级) too much+n.(u.) 14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意) take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)
occur(与happen通用) It occurs to sb that/to do :某人突然想起 15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do:表将来 With+宾+宾补 doing:表正在进行 Done:表过去
16. 强调句型的判断方法:如果将句子中的“it be”和“that”去掉,原句通顺则是强调句,否则就不是强调句。例: It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday. 二、语法专题──名词的考点 1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词,尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。
2. 考查名词的格,即 ’s所有格,of所有格或双重所有格。 3. 名词作定语。
4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。
5. 名词与介词,冠词,动词的搭配。 三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空 1. 名词的辨析
名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别,如parent指父亲或母亲,而parents指父母双亲;people指人们,而a people指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别,如: exercise指锻炼;而exercises指练习题或练习操;再次,注意同义名词或近义名词的区别,如:: event指发生的重大事件、体育项目;incident指偶发事件;而accident指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别,如: cloth指布;cloths指各种不同用途的布;clothes指衣服(复数),clothing衣服(总称)。 2. 动词的辨析
对于动词的辨析,首先要了解动词的及物与不及物,如: reply意为“回答,答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词;后接从句时,则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别,如: advise与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告,强调过程;而后者指说服,强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法:动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作;v-ed形式表示完成或被动;to do形式表示即将进行的动作等。 3. 形容词、副词的辨析
对于形容词、副词,一是要注意近义词间的区别,如: clever指对问题处理的圆滑;bright指对问题的反应快;wise指选择的正确等。此外,如wide与broad; strong与powerful; interesting与interested; exciting与excited等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词,如: close作形容词时意为“亲密的”;作副词时意为“接近,靠拢”。三是注意同根副词的区别,如: hard与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地;而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词,如: friendly, lovely, lively实际上是形容词,切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别,如: present+n.与n.+present,前者指当前的;而后者指在场的。
4. 介词的辨析
对介词的辨析要从两方面入手,一是介词的词义,如: across, through, past, over为动作介词,across强调从表面横过,越过;through强调从空间穿过;past强调从侧面、旁边经过;over强调从空中越过而不接触,也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外,如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的区别。 5. 连词的辨析
连词的区别主要在于:一是连词的意义,如:when, while与as; because, since与for; whether与if; though, as与although等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词,如: every/each time; the first/second time; the moment; the minute等,它们都可作连词,连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词,如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意连词的词序,如: only if与if only, 前者意为“只要”,后者意为“要是 就好了”。 6. 代词的辨析
代词的辨析包括不定代词,如: other, others, the other, the others, another等;人称代词,如: one, it, that等和关系代词,如: which与that; which与as; whose与prep.+which/whom等。 1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend? A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve 2. After the big fire, the house was completely____. A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled 3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live
4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.
A. Tiring with B. Tiring of C. Tired with D. Tired of 5. It’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job. A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity


