停车场管理系统文献

2006 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics October 8-11, 2006, Taipei, Taiwan

A Vision-Based Parking Lot Management System Sheng-Fuu Lin, Yung-Yao Chen, and Sung-Chieh Liu

and control. Goals of parking lot surveillance include counting the number of parked motor vehicles, monitoring the changes of the parked vehicles over the time, and identifying the location[1]. Advanced visual-based surveillance systems have to process videos coming from multiple cameras to detect the presence of mobile objects in the monitored scene[2]-[5]. As more methods of identifying simple movements become available, the importance of the contextual methods increases. Activities and movements are not only recognized at the moment of detection, but their interpretation or labeling is affected by the temporally extended context in which the events take place. Visual surveillance requires real-time interpretation or event classification of image sequences in order to automate the detection of predefined alarm situations in a given application domain[6]-[9]. Interesting examples of multisensor surveillance systems have been investigated and discussed in detail[10]-[12]. These systems have been applied successfully in visual security for both indoor and outdoor environments, such as banks, shopping malls, subway stations, and parking lots. On the other hand, for external operation, a parking lot management system emphasizes the linking and integration of car parks and current traffic so that in-vehicle information I. INTRODUCTION system can be coordinated. In modern prosperous cities, there jarking lots are an important object class in many traffic and is a great need for advanced parking assistant systems to reduce lcivilian applications. In the beginning, a parking lot the hustle for the drivers. Parking Guidance Information management system just means a charge system which can System (PGIS), also called as Advanced Public Transport count the number of parked cars and their elapsed time by paper System (APTS), can dynamically collect parking information, cards. However, nowadays, an intelligent parking lot and provides real-time information service for drivers by the management system, would not simply manage the internal means of on-board guidance system or changeable message operation of a parking facility, but also should be designed to be board installed on roadside, thus assisting drivers to compatible with a wide range of aspects that are intertwined conveniently and rapidly park[13]-[14]. PGIS was firstly used with parking facilities. Undoubtedly, an intelligent parking lot in Aachen, German in 1971, and was introduced to British in management system plays an essential role in ITS (Intelligent the late of 1970s. Then, PGIS was widely deployed in Japan and other Europe countries such as France. Moreover, the Transportation Systems). For internal operation, a complete parking lot management future parking management system is expected t

o provide system must possess the functions of management, surveillance, advanced navigation service and optimized traffic management system[15]-[16]. This work was supported in part by National Science Council, Taiwan, Today, many drivers, especially less experienced drivers or R.O.C., under Contract No. EX-91-E-FA06-4-4. spend much time finding a parking space out-of-towners, Sheng-Fuu Lin is with the Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, this situation results in increased travel Moreover, everyday. National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. of and number unexpected delays, greater travels. times stops, (phone: 886-3-5712121 Ext. 54365; e-mail: sflin@mail.nctu.edu.tw). Yung-Yao Chen is with the Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Besides, nowadays, a surveillance system is quite common on National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. the wayside or in the parking lot. If we have an algorithm to (e-mail:shawn.ece93ggnctu.edu.tw). Sung-Chich Liu is with the Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, obtain more information such as the number and position of the National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C. unoccupied parking space from the camera in a simple way, it (e-mail:liujackO729iyahoo.com.tw). will help drivers to reduce the time of finding the parking lot Abstract-Goals of parking lot management system include counting the number of parked vehicles, monitoring the changes of the parked vehicles over the time, and identifying the stalls available. To decrease the cost of the production, an integrated vision-based system is a good choice. In this paper, we propose a vision-based parking management system to manage an outdoor parking lot by four cameras set up at loft of buildings around it, sending information, including real-time display, to database of ITS center via internet. This system enables drivers to find parking spaces available or monitoring the parking lot where they parked their cars easily by wireless communication device. To increase accuracy, in the beginning, color manage is done to all input images, maintaining color consistency. Then, an adaptive parking lot background model is generated. The adequate color of each parking space is found out using statistical method in color image sequences captured by a camera, and foreground is extracted based on color information. The result will be further modified by shadow detection based on luminance analysis. Vision-based parking management system can manage large area by just several cameras. Adjusting position of the camera can easily make this system suitable for most cases. Besides, this system is endurable and is easy-installed because of its simple equipment.

1-4244-01 00-3/06/$20.00 C2006 IEEE

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