高考英语语法——There be句型

There be句型

一、构成：There be是英语中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。 其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。例如：

There are fifty-two students in our class.

There is a pencil in my pencil-case.

There was an old house by the river five years ago.

二、各种句式：

1.否定句：There be句型否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not a\an\any + n.（名词）。

注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）= not a\an + n.（可数名词单数）；

no + n.（可数名词复数）= not any + n.（可数名词复数）；

no + n.（不可数名词）= not any + n.（不可数名词）。例如：

There is an orange in her bag. →There isn’t an orange in her bag.

→There is no orange in her bag.

There are some oranges in her bag. →There aren’t any oranges in her bag.

→There are no oranges in her bag.

There is some juice in the bottle. →There isn’t any juice in the bottle.

→There is no juice in the bottle.

2. 一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如：

There is some money in her handbag. → Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)

There is something new in today’s newspaper. →There isn’t anything new in today’s newspaper.

→Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?

3. 特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式：

① 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Who’s + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “What’s + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：

There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there?

There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?

② 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is \ are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如：

There is a computer in my office.

→ Where is the computer? ----It’s in my office.

There are four children in the classroom.

→Where are the four children?—They’ re in the classroom.

③ 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：

如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示： There are twelve months in a year.

→How many months are there in a year? There is only one book in my bag.

→ How many books are there in your bag?

There is a cat in the box. → How many cats are there in the box?

如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：

There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?

4. 反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用…there? 例如：

There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn’t there?

There used to be no school here, used there \did there?

三、注意:

1. 主谓一致和就近原则：如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is” “was”。如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were”。如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。

2. There be 时态。

3. There be句型和have\has的区别：There be句型表示 “存在有”, have\has表示 “拥有” “所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如： There are three books on the desk. 桌子上有三本书.

I have three books. 我有三本书.