黑龙江杓兰属植物表型特征及系统发育分析
黑龙江杓兰属植物表型特征及系统发育分析
第50卷 第2期2026年3月南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition)Vol.50,No.2Mar.,2026
收稿日期Received :2024-10-30 修回日期Accepted :2025-01-23
基金项目:黑龙江省国家重点保护野生植物调查项目(ZQTYB240100013);黑龙江小北湖国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物调查及监测项目([231084]HLJJHZ[CS]20240005)㊂
第一作者:沈才全(shen7314@126.com),负责数据收集㊁整理与初稿撰写;董上139.com),负责稿件修改㊂∗通信作者:穆立蔷(mlq0417@163.com),教授㊂ 引文格式:沈才全,董上,李中跃,等.黑龙江杓兰属植物表型特征及系统发育分析[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2026,50(2):85-95.SHEN C Q,DONG S,LI Z Y,et al.Phenotypic characteristics and analysis of Cypripedium in Heilongjiang Province [J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2026,50(2):85-95.DOI:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202410038.黑龙江杓兰属植物表型特征及系统发育分析
沈才全1,董 上1,2,李中跃1,关艳辉3,穆立蔷1∗
(1.东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040;2.黑龙江省林业科学院伊春分院,黑龙江 伊春 153000;3.黑龙江小北湖国家级自然保护区管理局,黑龙江 宁安 157400)
摘要:ʌ目的ɔ黑龙江省杓兰属(Cypripedium)植物表型变异丰富,为厘清物种界限模糊及亲缘关系复杂等问题,以该地区调查获取的13个杓兰属居群为材料,初步探讨其亲缘关系与分类界线㊂ʌ方法ɔ测定13个居群的18项表型性状,进行多样性分析与聚类分析;同时通过测序㊁组装与注释,获取其核基因ITS 序列及3个叶绿体DNA 片段(trn H psb A ㊁trn L F 与rbc L ),利用DnaSP ㊁PhyloSuite ㊁FigTree 等软件,结合NCBI 数据库数据,统计核苷酸多态性并构建系统发育树㊂ʌ结果ɔ退化雄蕊(斑点与大小)可作为黑龙江杓兰属植物的关键野外识别特征㊂东北杓兰(C.ˑventricosum)表现出显著的杂种优势,其叶片大小与株高㊁地径可作为分类依据㊂表型与系统发育分析共同表明:白花与粉花大花杓兰(C.macranthos)实为同种;杓兰(C.calceolus)与山西杓兰
(C.shanxiense)可能是由同一母本分化的姐妹群;东北杓兰居群DB1㊁DB2㊁DB5聚为一支,其母本可能为杓兰,而居群DB3㊁DB4㊁DB6㊁DB7㊁DB8聚为另一支,可能源于大花杓兰,其中DB6可能与大花杓兰发生过回交;紫点杓兰(C.guttatum)则与其他种类亲缘关系较远㊂ʌ结论ɔ仅凭单一表型性状或DNA 片段难以准确判定杓兰属植物的亲缘关系,尤其对于杂交种,必须综合表型㊁叶绿体DNA 与核DNA 等多层次证据,方能全面阐明其系统发育与分类界限㊂
关键词:杓兰属植物;表型特征;系统发育关系;植物分类;叶绿体基因
中图分类号:S685.11 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000-2006(2026)02-0085-11
Phenotypic characteristics and analysis of Cypripedium in Heilongjiang Province
SHEN Caiquan 1,DONG Shang 1,2,LI Zhongyue 1,GUAN Yanhui 3,MU Liqiang 1∗
(1.College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;2.Yichun Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry,Yichun 153000,China;3.Heilongjiang Xiaobeihu National Nature Reserve Administration,Ning'an 157400,China)
Abstract :ʌObjective ɔThis study aims to clarify the phylo genetic relationships and taxonomic boundaries of Cypripedium in Heilongjiang Province,where the genus exhibits extensive phenotypic variation,ambiguous species delimitation,and complex phylogenetic patterns.ʌMethodɔA total of 13natural populations collected from the region were used as the research material,we measured 18phenotypic traits across these 13populations and performed phenotypic diversity and cluster analyses.Furthermore,we sequenced,assembled and annotated the nrITS region and three chloroplast DNA fragments (trn H psb A,trn L F,and rbc L ).Nucleotide polymorphism was statistically analyzed,and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using software packages DnaSP,PhyloSuite and FigTree,incorporating relevant sequences from the NCBI public database.ʌResult ɔStaminode characteristics (presence of mottling and size)serve as key traits for field identification of C.species in Heilongjiang Province.C.ˑventricosum exhibits significant heterosis,with leaf size,plant height and stem diameter at ground level providing reliable


