响应面分析法优化乳酸菌发酵鲢鱼下脚料水解液的研究
响应面分析法优化乳酸菌发酵鲢鱼下脚料水解液的研究
摘要:采用乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)发酵鲢鱼(Hypophthaimichthys molitrix)下脚料水解液,通过响应面分析法优化其最佳的工艺条件。结果表明,优工艺条件为蔗糖添加量1.80%、乳酸菌接种量1.97%、发酵温度42.23 ℃、发酵时间43.04 h,水解液感观评价均值能达到92.02分,该水解液具有特殊乳酸发酵香味和风味,酸度、甜度适中,口感良好。
关键词:乳酸菌(Lactobacillus);发酵;鲢鱼(Hypophthaimichthys molitrix)下脚料;响应面分析法
Optimization of Lactobacillus Fermentation of the Hydrolysates of Silver Carp By-product by Response Surface Methodology
Abstract: The Lactobacillus fermentation of the hydrolysates of silver carp by-product was studied and the technological conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The results indicated that the optimal technological conditions were as follows, sugar concentration 1.80%, seeding amount of Lactobacillus
1.97%, fermented for 43.04 h under 42.23 ℃, the mean value of sensory estimate was reached 92.02, the flavor of the fermentation liquid was best with peat-reek of lactic acid, and the liquid tasted sweet and sour, very delicate.
Key words: Lactobacillus; fermentation; silver carp by-product; response surface methodology
乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)是指能发酵糖类主要产物为乳酸的一类无芽孢、革兰氏阳性细菌的总称。乳酸菌能分解食物中的糖类、蛋白质,合成维生素,对脂肪类化合物也有微弱的分解能力,能提高脂肪类食物的消化率,促进其消化吸收
[1]。
在鱼类加工过程中会产生大量的下脚料,包括鱼头、鱼尾、鱼骨、鱼鳍等。据报道,这些下脚料占鱼总重的40%~55%[2]。大量的下脚料不仅造成环境的污染,而且其营养价值也未得到充分利用,因此必须加强对下脚料有效利用,提高鱼的附加利用价值。下脚料用清水洗净后剪切成小片后用组织捣碎机捣碎,制备成水解液,经过酸化处理后可以作为肥料或者饲料添加剂。水解液的制备可以采用硫酸等无机酸,也可以采用乳酸等有机酸。利用有机酸降低酸度具有更大的优势,使用时保藏时间较长、无需中和处理,并且能被土壤利用,可提高饲料的营养价值且不破坏土壤[3]。采用乳酸菌发酵鲢鱼(Hypophthaimichthys molitrix)下脚料水解液,不仅能够除去大部分的腥味,赋予水解液特殊的发酵香味,而且还能增加水解液中的其他风味物质,使鲢鱼下脚料水解液的整体风味得到了很大改善[4]。本研究采用乳酸菌发酵鲢鱼下脚料水解液,通过响应面分析法优化其发酵工艺条件,为提高鲢鱼等水产品下脚料产品附加值的研究与开发利用提供参考。


