英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

班次______ 姓名________ 学号________

主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing.（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing.（动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。(有时态的变化) We study English. He is asleep.

表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词）

Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）

（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）, stay（保持） It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

宾语 (object) ：

1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾