Abstract

We develop a basic mathematical model for the electric vehicle using system. The model shows interactions of electric vehicles usage amount and various aspects. In environmental aspect, the pollutions electric vehicles produced is obviously less than internal combustion engine vehicles. In economic aspect, the energy cost of electric vehicle is far less than internal combustion engine vehicle, but due to the cost of production and batteries, the total cost is higher. In social aspect, the demand of electric vehicle is limited because of inconvenience. In order to increase the usage amount, extra investment is necessary.

Applying the impact of every aspect to the basic model, we simplify the model to be an optimization model with the view of maximizing the total benefit. The constraint conditions are the amount of demand, generation capacity and the cost of electric vehicle. We work out the usage amount maximize the total benefit.

We investigate the key factors that governments and vehicle manufacturers should consider. Governments take seriously whether the demand can be enhanced and whether the increase number would aggravate burden of electric power generation, possible policy changes to improve the situation including providing subsidy, building more battery charging stations and improving capacity of batteries recycling. The key factors that manufacturers should consider are how to lessen electric vehicle cost and how to expand sales volume.

Our results show that the optimal popular rate is 37.5% at present, we estimate the amount of oil the world would save is 36833 million tonnes.

Finally, we setup a model analyzing the proportions of each energy source, and the annual change rate. We have the result: 434 million MWh of coal-fired power, 183 million MWh of natural gas power, 198 million MWh of nuclear power and 144 million MWh of wind power.