《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料

第一章

一、术语

1 制成品 manufactured goods 2 资本货物 capital goods 3 国际收支 balance of payments 4 经常项目 current account 5 有形贸易项目 visible trade account

6 无形贸易项目 invisible trade account

7 贸易顺差 trade surplus 8 贸易逆差 trade deficit 9 易货贸易 barter 10 补偿贸易 compensation trade

11 反向贸易 counter-trade 12 组装生产 assembly manufacturing

13 工商统一税 industrial and commercial consolidated tax 14 合资企业 joint venture 15 延期付款 deferred payment 16 买方信贷 buyer credit 17 卖方信贷 supplier credit 18 软贷款 （低息贷款） soft loan

19 最惠国待遇 MFN treatment （Most Favored nation treatment）

20 永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR（Permanent Normal Trading Relations）

21 国民收入 NI（National Income）

22 国民生产总值 GNP（Gross National Product） 23 国内生产总值 GDP（Gross Domestic Product） 24 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD（International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development） 国际开发协会 IDA（International Development Association） 25 国际金融公司 IFC（International Finance Comporation）

26 经济合作和发展组织 OECD（Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） 27 国际清算银行 BIS（Bank for International Settlement） 28 欧洲经济共同体 EEC

（European Economic Community） 29 欧洲联盟 EU（European Union）

30 外商直接投资 FDI（Foreign Direct Investment） 二、词语释义： 1 substantially ：

dramatically， significantly， considerably

2 subsequently： afterwards 3 exacerbate： deteriorate， worsen； aggravate； make worse 4 withdraw： cancellation 5 theme： principle

6 in return for： in exchange for 7 disrupt： interrupt 8 destined： designed 9 pronounced： marked

10 in the wake of： following； after with

11 undue： too much； unbearable

12 reverse： change to the opposite

13 buoyant： brisk 14 outcome： result 15 boost： stimulate； promote； develop 16 recover： rebound 17 facilitate： make easy 18 run-down： reduction 19 mount exhibitions： hold exhibitions

20 insofar as： to the extent 21 bottlenecks： obstacles 三、句子翻译

1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s

industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry. 20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。

2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious.

在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。

3. Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China‘s economic planners， but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing undue strain on the national economy. 在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979年被推迟了。官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。 4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advanced technology to domestic industry， but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication，not necessarily for advanced