英国文学(English Literature)

一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8世纪-14世纪)

1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066)

a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities

the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报

b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙 610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song

Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christ

c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)

2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500):

a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌

无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C, Age of Chaucer:

* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟 1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家

The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发

The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作)

* William Langland(朗兰 1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士

二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴 (1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧

1) 诗歌 Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547)

a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature

b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士 1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞 1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗),

and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.